在宅療養者の家族介護者が行っている社会活動とQOLの関連

The Relationship between Social Activities and QOL on Family Caregivers of Home Care

抄録

【目的】在宅療養者を介護する家族介護者が行っている社会活動とQOL（quality of life；生活の質）の関連を明らかにし，介護者のQOLの維持・向上を図る社会活動の促進と社会的健康の維持に向けた看護への示唆を得る．【方法】東北地方の訪問看護事業所計29施設を利用している在宅療養者を介護する60歳以上の家族介護者を対象とした．訪問看護事業所を通じて無記名自記式質問紙を配布し，郵送法で回収した．分析方法は，調査項目毎に記述統計量を算出し，各変数による家族介護者のQOLの比較を行い，家族介護者のQOLを従属変数とする重回帰分析を行った．【結果】家族介護者のQOLに有意に関連していた変数は，個人的活動，趣味の有無，外出頻度，社会活動制限感，介護役割充足感，通所系サービスの有無であった．【考察】看護者は介護者が行っている個人的活動や趣味を把握し，外出のきっかけづくりやサービス調整も視野に入れ，社会活動の維持のための提案を行うことが重要であることが示唆された．

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between social activities conducted by family caregivers who care for home-care patients and quality of life (QOL), and to obtain suggestions for promoting social activities to maintain and improve QOL of caregivers and for maintaining their social health.

[Methods] The subjects were family caregivers over the age of 60 who are engaged in home-care, and patients used the home-visit nursing stations in Tohoku region. The anonymous self-administered questionnaires were distributed to the subjects by 29 home-visit nursing stations, and collected by mail. Descriptive analysis was used for all items. The QOL score was compared with each item. Multiple regression analysis was performed using their QOL as dependent variables.

[Results] The variables significantly related to QOL of family caregivers were personal activity scores, presence or absence of hobbies, frequency of going outside, sense of social activity restriction, sense of caregiving role satisfaction, and presence or absence of Day-care services.

[Discussion] The results suggested that it is important for nursing personnel to comprehend the personal activities and hobbies of caregivers, to consider creating opportunities of going out and coordination of services, and to propose plans for their maintenance of activities.