沖縄県小離島のA島における高齢者の地域活動への参加と相互扶助

Participation in Community Activities and Mutual Aid of Elderly People in One of the Minor Outlying Islands, A in Okinawa

抄録

　本研究の目的は，地域包括ケアシステム構築を見据えて，その一助となるよう，沖縄県小離島のA島における高齢者の多様な地域活動への参加と相互扶助との関連性を検討することである．A島在住の全高齢者320人を対象に，質問紙による個別面接調査を実施した．有効回答は73.4％（N＝235）であり，二変数関連分析，二変数相関分析，および分散分析を行った．地域活動への参加は，地域活動15項目への参加の有無をたずね，信頼性の検定後，「参加している地域活動項目数」について，「低群」「中群」「高群」の3段階に分け，尺度得点とした．相互扶助は，支援の有無と，依存の有無との組み合わせから，「①非支援・非依存」「②非支援・依存」「③支援・非依存」「④支援・依存」の4類型に分けた．相互扶助の類型と「参加している地域活動項目数」尺度得点の平均値に有意差がみられた．「③支援・非依存」「④支援・依存」の類型は，「①非支援・非依存」「②非支援・依存」の類型より，「参加している地域活動項目数」の尺度得点の平均値が有意に高かった．そのため，高齢者の地域活動への参加と高齢者による支援を一体化させるような地域活動を提案していくことが有効であろうと示唆された．

　With a view to creation of a community general support system in one of the minor outlying islands, A in Okinawa (hereafter, A), the purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between participation in community activities and mutual aid of elderly people in order to help create such a system in A.

　We carried out individual interview survey by questionnaire of 320 people all of whom were elderly people living on the island A. The resulting valid responses were 73.4% (N=235) and we performed a bivariate association analysis, a bivariate correlation analysis and an analysis of variance on them. In addition, we asked them about the presence or absence of participation in 15 items of community activities. After testing for reliability, we made a scale score divided into three stages such as “low cohort”, “middle cohort” and “high cohort” about the “number of items of community activities participated”.

　As a mutual aid, four types were classified from the combination of presence or absence of dependence and support such as 1.“non-support and non-dependence”, 2.“non-support and dependence”, 3.“support and non-dependence” and 4.“support and dependence”. There were significant differences in the mean-value of the scale score between types of mutual aid and “number of items of community activities participated”. The types of 3.“support and non-dependence” and 4.“support and dependence” were significantly higher than 1.“non-support and non-dependence”, 2.“non-support and dependence” in the mean-value of the scale score of “number of items of community activities participated”.

　Therefore, this suggests that proposing the community activities that integrate participation of elderly people in the community activities and support by themselves may be useful.