要援護高齢者の就労を支援する介護予防活動のあり方

Ideal Care-prevention Activities that Support the Employment of Older Adults Requiring Assistance

抄録

　研究目的は，要援護高齢者の就労を支援する介護予防活動のあり方について,「介護予防の場」と「就労の場」における支援者のもつ考え方と支援の視点から明らかにし，看護職者が就労支援に関わる際の示唆を得ることである．研究参加者は要援護高齢者15事例への支援者27人で，半構造化面接を実施し，質的記述的に分析した．支援者のもつ考え方では【人はだれでも強みがあり，人の役に立つことで，健康や生きがいを見いだし，就労できる】【高齢者の役割や選択権を重視し，楽しみながら共に学ぶ姿勢でケア関係を構築する】【地域での暮らしの継続をめざし，支え合う】が，支援の視点では，【当事者を地域の資源から就労の資源にする支援の視点】【家族と関係者の力を活用し頼り合う支援の視点】【地域とのつながりを断ち切らず，就労する環境を整える支援の視点】【諦めずに就労を再開し，社会とつながる支援の視点】といった介護予防活動のあり方が示された．就労を支援するケア関係を構築するためには，時代背景や地域文化が影響することを意識し，個別的に形成された高齢者の就労にまつわる価値観や生き方に耳を傾け学ぶとともに，残存する社会機能の把握に努める必要があることが示唆された．

　We aimed to reveal ideal care-prevention activities that support the employment of older adults requiring assistance based on their caregivers' views and perspectives on support in the settings of “care prevention” and “employment”. We also aimed to provide suggestions for nurses when they are involved in employment support. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 caregivers for 15 older adults requiring assistance, and the interview contents were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. Ideal care prevention activities indicated in their views were [everybody has strengths and can be healthy, find purpose in life, and be employable by being helpful to others], [valuing older adults’ role and right to choose and establishing relationships with care recipients with an attitude of learning together while having fun], and [helping each other to continue living in the community]. Activities indicated in their perspectives on support were [converting older adults from community resources to employable resources], [utilizing contributions from families and involved individuals and mutually relying on each other], [preparing the environment to facilitate employment of older adults while maintaining connections with the community], and [helping older adults not give up on returning to work and reconnecting with society].To establish caring relationships with older adults requiring assistance that support their employment, the following are suggested: it is necessary to listen to and learn from individual older adults about their values on employment and way of life and thereby to strive to understand their residual social function, while remaining aware of influence of the time background and local culture.