地域在住高齢者の地域活動の参加を促進する社会的要因

An examination of social factors affecting participation in community-based activities among community-dwelling older adults

要旨：神奈川県綾瀬市の地域在住高齢者3,058名を対象に地域活動（地域行事への参加，自治会の活動，老人クラブの活動，趣味の会など仲間うちの活動，特技や経験を他人に伝える活動，ボランティア活動）の参加状況と，それに関連する社会的要因を性別ごとで検討した．要介護者等を除く1,266名の分析から，男性よりも女性がこれら地域活動に参加する傾向が確認され，さらに各地域活動と地域への愛着，結束型SC，橋渡し型SC，信頼，互酬性の規範，地域住民との交流頻度の関連性は，性別によって特徴がみられた．これらを念頭に，作業療法士は高齢者の地域活動の参加を促進することが重要であることが示唆された．

　This study examined how social factors affect participation in community-based activities (local event groups, neighborhood associations, senior citizen clubs, hobby groups, intergenerational groups, and volunteer groups) among community-dwelling older adults by gender. The participants were 3,058 older adults who lived in Ayase City, Kanagawa Prefecture. The results from 1,266 older adults, excluding those showing long-term care certification, indicated that females participated more in community-based activities than males. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the relationship between community-based activities and social factors such as community attachment, bonding and bridging social capital, trust in neighbors, norms of reciprocity, and ongoing contact with neighbors vary according to gender. To promote participation of community-based activities in older adults, it is important for occupational therapists to focus on the characteristics of social factors among older adults in the target community.