動脈硬化健診を受診した後期高齢者の主観的健康度と孤独感，社会関連性の実態ならびに主観的健康度に関連する要因

The status of subjective health, loneliness and social interaction and the factors related to subjective health among the elderly aged 75 or over who underwent a medical checkup to prevent against arterial sclerosis

抄録

　本研究の目的は，動脈硬化健診を受診した後期高齢者の主観的健康度と孤独感，社会関連性の実態を把握し，主観的健康度に関連する要因を明らかにすることとした．また，その結果から，主観的健康度の維持増進の支援について検討する資料を得ることを研究意義とした．受診者156名を対象に，主観的健康度と孤独感，社会関連性との関係について分析した結果，以下の知見が得られた．

　女性が60.3％，平均年齢は80.1±3.3歳，家族構成は「夫婦のみの世帯」がいちばん多く，収入が厳しい者は23.7％で，90.4％の者が疾患もっていた．運動習慣のない者は44.9％であった．身体的健康度は精神的健康度，社会関連性指標の合計とその下位3領域の得点と有意な正の相関を認めたが，一方で，孤独感得点と有意な負の相関を認めた．重回帰分析の結果，身体的健康度の関連要因として，運動習慣，社会への関心，他者とのかかわり，孤独感が挙げられた．

　以上のことから，主観的な身体的健康度を維持増進するために，身体的・精神的健康度が相互作用できるよう，運動習慣の維持や仕事を継続することで地域とのつながりをもつことが必要であると示唆された．

　The aims of this research were to clarify the actual conditions of subjective health, loneliness and social interaction among the elderly aged 75 or over who underwent a medical checkup to prevent against arterial sclerosis, and to find the factors related to subjective health. Data of 156 participants were analyzed.

　94 females (60.6%) served as the subjects. The mean age was 80.1 (standard deviation 3.3) years. The couple households were most numerous (32.7%). The proportion of the subjects who were under severe income situations was 23.7%. The subjects who had diseases were 90.4% and those who had no fitness habits were 44.9%. Subjective physical health was positively related to subjective mental health, total scores of Index of Social Interaction, and scores of its three subscales. It was negatively related to scores of loneliness. To find the factors related to subjective physical and mental health, the multiple regression analysis was used with subjective physical and mental health as the dependent variables and fitness habits, family constitution, total scores and three subscales of Index of Social Interaction, and loneliness as the independent variables. As the results, the factors related to subjective physical health were fitness habits, social concerns, involvement with others and loneliness. No factor was related to subjective mental health.

　These results suggested that it was important to have fitness habits, to be concerned about the community, such as participation in social activities, and to arrange opportunities to meet friends or neighbors for the purpose of keeping subjective physical health among the participants in the medical checkup.