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要 旨
目的:産科医療機関における社会的ハイリスク妊婦のスクリーニング方法と施設機能の種類との関連を明らかにすること。
方法:全国の分娩を取扱う産科医療機関を対象に無作為抽出法により選定された1664 施設に無記名自記式質問紙調査を行い、有効回答463 部(有効回答率27.8%)を分析した。
結果:妊娠期にスクリーニング体制がある施設は、88.8% であった。スクリーニング方法の内容は妊婦との面談(88.3%)、初診時の問診(87.8%)、ツールを用いたスクリーニング(65.0%)の順に多かった。妊婦との面談(p= 0.038)やツールを用いたスクリーニング(p= 0.032)は、周産期母子医療センターで有意に多かった。産科診療で用いられるガイドライン等で推奨されるツールを用いてスクリーニングを実施する施設は10% に満たなかった。
結論:妊娠期の社会的ハイリスク妊婦のスクリーニングは支援者個人の感性や経験などに基づき選定されることが多い可能性が考えられた。そして、施設機能の種類との関連が明らかとなり、施設機能の種類にかかわらない客観的なスクリーニング体制の構築の必要性が示唆された。
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between the actual screening of social high-riskpregnant women and facility functions in obstetrical medical institutions that oversee childbirth in Japan.
Method: We conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey among 1664 obstetricalmedical institutions selected randomly. About 463 valid responses (response rate: 27.8%) were analyzed.
Results: About 88.8% of obstetric medical institutions had a screening system during pregnancy. Thescreening methods were interviews with pregnant women (88.3%) and intake interviews during pregnancy based on the medical questionnaires (87.8%). About 65.0% of the institutions that had a screening system during pregnancy used screening tools. Perinatal medical centers performed statistically significantly more screenings using interviews with pregnant women (p = 0.038) and screening using tools (p = 0.032) than other facilities. Less than 10% institutions used the objective index screening tool recommended in the guidelineused in obstetrics.
Conclusion: The screening tool for socially high-risk pregnant women during pregnancy is often selectedbased on individual sensitivity and experience. Furthermore, the relationship between the type of facility function became clear, and it was suggested that obstetric medical institutions should establish an objective screening system regardless of the type of facility function.
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