論文表題におけるがん看護研究と対がん政策との関連─テキストマイニングを用いた過去46年間の時代的変遷の分析

Historical Changes and the Feature in Research on the Cancer Nursing in Japan

要旨

　【目的】がん関連看護論文において、1972年から2017年の研究動向を探ることである。【方法】医学中央雑誌（Web版）の表題に使用された語句の傾向や対がん政策年代別の特徴等について、テキストマイニングの手法を用いて分析した。【結果】12,030件の論文が検索された。対がん政策以前は「術前後の看護」、第1次対がん10か年総合戦略は「看護ケア」、第2次対がん克服新10か年総合戦略は「QOL」、第3次対がん10か年総合戦略は「化学療法」、がん研究10か年戦略では「退院支援」が出現していた。研究内容は、6カテゴリに分類された。大学等所属研究者は「がんの包括的研究」、看護師は「患者との関わり」を主な研究テーマにしていた。【考察】がん看護の研究テーマは、対がん政策と関連し変遷しており、家族を含めた終末期がん患者への看護はがん看護研究の中でも重要な位置を占めてきている。臨床看護師と大学等研究者では、研究テーマの関心が異なっている。

　Objective: We set out to investigate research trends in the literature on oncology nursing between 1972 and 2017. Methods: We targeted articles in the bibliographic database of the Japanese Medical Abstracts Society (online edition). We applied text mining to analyze trends in title terminology and then characterized articles in each implementation period of the Japanese government's cancer control strategy (CCS). Results: Our search yielded 12,030 articles. “Patient” and “nursing” represented the most frequently used terminology for the articles overall. From around the year 2000, “postoperative” and “therapy” became less frequently used, and “family” and “relationship” became more frequently used. We identified emergent expressions for the CCS timeline as follows: “perioperative nursing” prior to CCS implementation, “nursing care” with the Comprehensive 10-year Strategy for Cancer Control (1984-1993); “quality of life” with the New 10-year Strategy to Overcome Cancer (1994-2003); “chemotherapy” with the 3rd-term Comprehensive 10-year Strategy for Cancer Control (2004-2013); and “discharge support” with the Comprehensive 10-year Strategy for Cancer Control (2014-2023). We divided the research articles into six categories based on their content. The main themes engaged with by university-affiliated researchers and nurses were “comprehensive cancer care” and “relationships with patients”, respectively. Discussion: Research trends were found to be associated with the CCS implementation period, reflecting a shift from “therapy” to “quality of life” in title terminology from around the year 2000. The nursing to the cancer patient who included the family becomes important. The interest of the study theme is different from the researcher in the nurse.