経験学習理論に基づく災害看護教育プログラムの開発

Developing a disaster nursing educational program based on the experiential learning theory

要約

　災害拠点病院でのトリアージ訓練に患者（重症者、中症者、軽症者）・家族役として参加した看護師養成所3年課程の学生32名を対象に、コルブの経験学習理論に基づいて開発した災害看護教育プログラムを実施し、評価を試みた。学生の気づきを包括的で相対化したものとするために討議セッションでジグソー学習を取り入れた。訓練直後に質問紙調査を実施し訓練についての満足度等を調べ、2ヶ月後にグループセッションではグループごとに気づきを書き上げさせた。その結果、学生が訓練を概ねポジティブにとらえていること、ジグソー学習を取り入れたグループセッションでの振り返りにより、以後の看護学習へ動機づけ、災害におけるトリアージへの理解が広がり深まることがわかった。今回実施したグループセッションは災害訓練でトリアージにより放棄される重症患者役の学生のネガティブな経験によるストレスを和らげることに効果があることが示唆された。

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop an educational program of disaster nursing on the basis of Kolb's experiential learning theory. The jigsaw learning method was adopted in the discussion session in order to make students' views comprehensive, integrated and unified. 32 students of a nurse's school participated in this action study program. After they learned basic conceptions about triage in disaster situation, they participated in a triage training(TT)in a hospital, role-playing patient s and their families.Two month later, they wrote about their experience and discusse d these experiences in two group session. In the first group session, the students of the same role madegroups to discuss together, and in the second group session, the students of the different role made groups to discuss together. As the results, it was found that the participants were not only satisfied with the program, but also motivated into learning to become good nurses, broadened and deepened their understanding of triage in disaster by reflecting their experiences through the group process. The group session was also effective in consoling the stress of the participants who had had negative experiences through role- playing patients of serious illness as they were abandoned in the TT.