災害看護基礎教育における被災者の特性をふまえた教授内容の検討

Instructional Contents of Basic Disaster Nursing Education Based on the Characteristics of Disaster Victims

要約

　本研究の目的は、災害看護教育における具体的な教授内容や教授方法を確立することであった。目的達成のための目標を、①災害時に母性・小児、成人・老年各期にある被災者の特性をふまえ、災害各期に必要な看護を明らかにする、②目標①をふまえて、災害各期の被災者特性に応じた災害看護の具体的な教授内容を検討するとした。方法として、日本災害看護学会年次大会で2回のワークショップを開催し、災害による被災者特性の明確化と、被災者特性をふまえた災害各期における必要な看護を検討してもらった。グループワークで出された意見内容を、意味内容の類似性を考え分類した。その結果、発達段階別の被災者特性では、母性・小児期4つ、成人期7つ、老年期9つがあがった。また、被災者特性をふまえた災害各期に必要な看護は、7つに整理された。以上をふまえ、新カリキュラムでは、現行の各看護学の専門領域で災害看護に必要な内容を網羅する形とし、科目の枠を超えての教授内容を提案した。今後、教授内容を効果的に遂行するための方法の開発が必要である。

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to specify and establish contents and methods for use in teaching disaster nursing. The goals were to :(1)define the nursing care needed at each stage of a disaster based on the characteristics of mothers, children, adults, and the elderly affected by the disaster; and(2)identify details of what should be taught about nursing care after a disaster tailored to the characteristics of victims of each group described in(1). To these ends, we held two workshops during the annual meeting of the Japan Society of Disaster Nursing to facilitate discussions on the characteristics of disaster victims and nursing care needed at each stage of a disaster based on characteristics of victims. The opinions and views proposed during the group discussions were classified into several groups by combining similar opinions/views. Regarding the characteristics of victims at different life stages, 4 characteristics were identified for maternity and childhood, 7 characteristics for adulthood. and 9 characteristics for senility. The nursing services needed at each stage of a disaster based on victims' characteristics were then summarized into seven categories. Based on these findings, we propose a new curriculum for disaster nursing education that covers all aspects of nursing care needed for disaster nursing and comprises a broad range of elements beyond those adopted in the existing curriculum framework. In the future, it is necessary to develop methods for effectively implementing the newly designed curriculum.