看護師の腰痛予防対策に関する研究—腰痛のない看護師を対象にして

A Study on Lower Back Pain Prevention Measures of Nurses: For Nurses With No Previous History of Lower Back Problems

要旨

　目的：腰痛のない看護師が日常的に取り組んでいる腰痛予防対策を解明し，腰痛なく看護師を継続するために必要な予防対策への示唆を得る．

　方法：全国の病院に就業し腰痛のない看護職者を対象に質問紙調査を実施し，Berelson，B.の方法論を参考にした看護教育学における内容分析を用いた．

　結果：腰痛のない看護師が日常的に取り組んでいる腰痛予防対策を表す【身体を動かす活動をする】【腰部・背部に負担のかかる援助・診療の補助時や重量のあるものを持つ時はボディメカニクスを意識し活用する】など25カテゴリが形成された．Scott，W. A.の式によるカテゴリへの分類の一致率は90％以上であり，カテゴリが信頼性を確保していることを示した．

　結論：腰痛のない看護師が日常的に取り組んでいる腰痛予防対策は25種類である．また，それは6つの特徴を持つことが明らかになった．

　Purpose: To elucidate the preventive measures for lower back pain (LBP) that nurses without LBP take on a daily basis, and to obtain suggestions for preventive measures necessary to continue to practice nursing without LBP.

　Method: We conducted a questionnaire survey of nurses who work in hospitals nationwide and do not have LBP, and using the qualitative analysis in nursing education based on Berelson's content analysis method.

　Results: 25 categories were formed, including "engage in physical activity" and "use knowledge of body mechanics when assisting or examining patients with back and lower back strain or when carrying heavy weights," which represent the preventive measures for LBP that nurses without LBP take on a daily basis. The matching rate of classification into categories by W. A. Scott's formula was 90％ or more, indicating that the categories ensured reliability.

　Conclusion: There are 25 types of LBP prevention measures that nurses without LBP take on a daily basis. It was also revealed that they had 6 characteristics.