看護師の感情労働測定尺度の開発

Development of Emotional Labor Inventory for Nurses

要旨

　本研究の目的は, 看護師の感情労働測定尺度 (Emotional Labor Inventory for Nurses: ELIN) を開発することであつた. 本研究では, 看護師の感情労働を, 患者にとつて適切であるとみなす看護師の感情を表現する行為と定義した. 始めに, 文献とインタビューに基づいて57の質問項目を選定し, 看護師60名と学生66名が項目の適切性を評価した. さらに, 項目分析によつて削減した50項目のELIN原案を看護師436名に調査した. 因子分析の結果,「探索的理解」,「表層適応」,「表出抑制」,「ケアの表現」,「深層適応」の5因子から構成するELIN (26項目) が示された. 内的整合性はCronbach's α (0.92), 安定性は再テスト法 (r=0.72) によつて確保した. 基準関連妥当性は, ELINとEmotional Labor Scale との相関 (r=0.48)と, 看護師と学生のELINの比較によつて確認した. 構成概念妥当性は, 共有経験尺度と共有不全経験尺度によつて確認した. 以上により, ELINの信頼性と妥当性がおおむね支持された．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to develop an Emotional Labor Inventory for Nurses (ELIN). Emotional labor offered by nurses was defined as actions used to express their emotions appropriately to patients. First, 57 question items were selected based on references and interviews and they were evaluated by 60 nurses and 66 nursing students. Next, item analysis resulted in a reduction of the items to 50 for the first version of ELIN, and these were given to 436 nurses. Factor analysis identified that ELIN (26 items) comprised five factors: “Exploring and understanding”,“Surface adjustment”,“Suppressed expression”,“Expression of caring”, and“Deep adjustment”. Internal consistency was maintained with Cronbach's α coefficient (0.92) and stability with the test-retest method (r=0.72). Criterion-related validity was supported by good correlation between ELIN and the Emotional Labor Scale (r=0.48) and comparison of ELIN for nurses and students. Construct validity was assured by Scale of Sharing Experience and Insufficient Sharing Experience. Overall, the results suggest that ELIN is a valid and reliable measurement scale.