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要旨
目的:多職種でのディスカッションから特養ユニットケアにおけるIPW(Interprofessional Work)の実際を明らかにし,特徴を考察することである.
方法:中規模特養を対象とし,施設ごとにIPWの実践事例について多職種でフォーカス・グループ・ディスカッションを実施し,質的帰納的に分析した.
結果:3施設から収集したデータを分析し,【自職種の役割自覚と機能発揮】【多職種の専門性を集結した支援】などの4コアカテゴリからは{職種特性を活用したケア過程},【対等な関係の表明】【職種間の軋轢への対策】などの5コアカテゴリからは{IPWの価値観の表明を伴う実践}のテーマを得た.
結論:特養ユニットケアにおけるIPWは,単一職種の負荷を軽減しながらリスクを回避する,看護職がチーム内のコンフリクトを解決するなどの特徴を示した.また,これらの実践により,各職種がIPWをさらに価値づけ,チームの成長を促す可能性があることが示唆された.
Purpose: This study clarifies the status of interprofessional work (IPW) and investigates its characteristics of unit care at special nursing homes based on discussions involving participants from multiple professions.
Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted regarding examples of IPW practices at midsized special nursing home facilities and qualitative inductive analysis was performed.
Results: We analyzed data collected from three facilities, and identified the theme "care processes suited to professional characteristics " based on four core-categories, including "professional role awareness and fulfillment of functions" and "care for residents with multiprofession's expertise." We further identified the theme "practices with a statement about the value of IPW" based on five core-categories, including "statement about equal relationships with each other" and "strategies for conflict between different professions."
Conclusion: The characteristics of IPW in unit care at special nursing homes include avoiding risk while releasing the burden of a single profession and the resolution of inter-team conflicts by nurses. The results also suggest that such practices may encourage professions to place greater value on IPW and grow teams.
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