公共交通機関の少ない地域における運転免許返納者の返納理由，車のない生活の受け止めと外出状況

Reasons for Older Adults Surrendering Their Driver's License in Areas with Limited Public Transportation Options, and Their Adaptation, and Frequency and Manner of Leaving Home

要旨

　目的：運転免許の自主返納者を対象に，返納理由や現在の外出状況と車の代替手段，健康状態，車のない生活の受け止めを明らかにする．

　方法：公共交通の少ない地域に居住する75歳以上の返納者13名に半構造化面接を行い，質的記述的に分析した．

　結果：免許返納理由は，《認知症・認知機能低下》，《身体機能低下》，《事故予防》の3タイプにわけられた．車の代替手段は，〈買い物〉〈通院〉は確保されていたが，〈農業〉〈娯楽〉〈交友〉では，確保できない者もいた．車のない生活を受け入れて満足している者もいれば，身体機能低下や閉じこもりという健康課題が生じた者もいた．

　結論：解決策として，個人レジリエンスを高めるためには，〈農業〉への移動手段として限定条件付免許の導入等が必要だと考えられる．また地域レジリエンス強化の観点から，移動支援サービス等の在り方を検討する必要があろう．

　Purpose: This study focuses on older adults who voluntarily surrendered their driver's license, and clarifies why they surrendered their driver's license, how their frequency and manner of leaving home changed, how their health condition changed, how they perceived those changes.

　Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 former drivers living in areas with limited public transportation options and the results were analyzed qualitatively and descriptively.

　Results: The subjects surrendered their driver's license due to the following three reasons: dementia/cognitive decline, physical decline, and accident prevention. While alternative means for grocery shopping and medical appointments were secured by subjects following the surrender, some of them were not able to find alternative transportation for farming, entertainment and friends. Some of them accepted and were satisfied with their life without a car, while others experienced a decline in their physical functions or became housebound because they could no longer go out as they used to before the license surrender.

　Conclusion: As a solution, it is necessary to introduce a limited conditional license as a means of transportation for farming. It is also necessary to examine the nature of mobility support services from the perspective of strengthening community resilience.