危機状況下における相互支援尺度の開発とその信頼性・妥当性の検討

Development of a Mutual Support Scale in Emergency Settings and Assessment of its Reliability and Validity

要旨

　研究目的：危機状況下における個人の相互支援に関する能力を測定する相互支援尺度（Mutual Support Scale，以下，相互支援尺度）を作成し，その信頼性，妥当性を検討する．

　研究方法：先行研究および半構成的面接の分析結果から，32項目の仮項目作成．災害拠点病院に所属する看護職747人を対象に，質問紙調査を実施した．

　結果：相互支援尺度について検討した結果，3因子28項目を選択し，因子名を《良い関係を築く》，《つながりを強める》，《緊張を緩める》とした．Cronbachのα係数は，尺度全体において .950であった．相互支援尺度は，外的基準（CA尺度，柔軟性尺度）との間に比較的強い有意な正の相関，基準グループ法では，派遣経験者等の得点が高く有意差が認められた．

　結論：相互支援尺度は3つの因子から構成される尺度であり，検討結果から，信頼性，妥当性が確保された．

　Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a mutual support (MS) scale in emergency settings for use during a disaster relief mission and to establish its reliability and validity.

　Methods: The MS scale was developed from preceding studies and the qualitative analysis of data obtained from semi-structured interviews. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a sample of 747 nurses from hub medical institutions, following a disaster.

　Results: A 28-item scale composed of three sub-scales was developed. The sub-scales were “promoting good relationship in a team”, “enhancing connectedness in a team”, “calming tension”. Statistical reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha at .95. The MS scale was significant positively correlated with the communication ability scale, flexibility scale, and supportive humor scale. The Score of the MS scale showed higher score among groups who had experienced disaster relief before.

　Conclusions: The MS scale, comprising three sub-scales, was developed and its reliability and validity was verified in this study.