Spirituality評定尺度の開発とその信頼性・妥当性の検討

Development of Spirituality Rating Scale and Study of Its Reliability and Validity

要旨

　本研究ではspirituality評定尺度を開発し，その信頼性と妥当性を検討することを目的とした．spiritualityについては，“何かを求めそれに関係しようとする積極的な心の持ち様と自分自身やある事柄に対する感じまたは思い（「意気・観念」）”と規定した．この構成概念に基づいて作成された20項目5件法の質問紙を大学生385名に実施し，382名（女性，20.12±1.10歳）から有効回答が得られた．統計的に不適切な項目を除外後，最尤法－プロマックス回転による因子分析を行った．その結果，最終的に15項目5因子が得られ，第1因子より順に『自覚』『意味感』『意欲』『深心』『価値観』と命名された．これをspirituality評定尺度（SRS）とした．因子抽出後の累積寄与率は52.80％であった．信頼性については，クロンバックのα係数0.82と再検査法－信頼性係数0.72で確認された．また妥当性については，内容的妥当性は2因子モデルで，収束的妥当性は抑制・成長不安尺度，無力感尺度，充実感尺度で，弁別的妥当性は宗教観尺度で，併存的妥当性は気分プロフィール検査（日本版POMS）の抑うつ－落込み尺度で確認された．以上の結果から，SRSは実用可能な尺度であると判断した．

Abstract

　In this study the spirituality rating scale was developed and its reliability and validity were studied. Spirituality is defined as the mental outlook of actively seeking something and endeavoring to relate oneself to it, as well as the perception or thought of oneself and particular events: spirits and ideas. Based on this concept, a questionnaire was developed which consisted of 20 items, and for each item one of five possible answers could be chosen. Among 385 university students to whom this questionnaire was given, the number of effective answers was 382 (female, average age, 20.12±1.10 years). After excluding statistically inappropriate items from the study, factor analysis by maximum likelihood-promax rotation was performed. As a result of analysis, five factors with 15 items were finally obtained: self-consciousness, meaningfulness, volition, human spirit, and values. The 15 items were defined as the spirituality rating scale (SRS). The cumulative contribution percentage after extracting the factors was 52.80％. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82 and the reliability coefficient of 0.72 obtained by a retest method confirmed the reliability of the SRS. The validity of the SRS content was confirmed by the two-factor model, the convergence validity was confirmed by the negative anxiety and positive anxiety scale, helplessness scale, and fulfillment scale, the discriminate validity was confirmed by the religious perspective scale, and the dependent validity was confirmed by the depression-dejection scale which is the Japanese version of the profile of mood states. The above findings indicate that the SRS is sufficiently reliable and valid for practical use.