看護師の移動介助動作時腰痛と移動介助の頻度，移動補助具の適正使用との関係

Relationship between the Occurrence of Low Back Pain and the Frequency of Mobility Assistance or the Proper Use of Mobility Aids among Nurses who Assist Patients with Mobility

要旨

目的：病棟看護師の移動介助動作時腰痛の発症率を明らかにし，移動介助動作の頻度・移動補助具の適正使用の実態，および，それらと移動介助動作時の腰痛発症との関連を明らかにした．

方法：移動介助動作の多い病棟に勤務する看護師に対し，自記式質問紙調査を行った．

結果：18施設の看護師534名より回答を得た．移動介助動作時の腰痛発症は，動作時の「半分以上」・「いつも」の合計で，「ベッド上体位変換」が最も多く43.9％，次いで「ベッド上水平移動」33.4％であった．移動介助動作の頻度で最も多かったのは「ベッド上体位変換」，次いで「ベッド上水平移動」であった．全ての動作頻度と動作時腰痛の発生頻度は弱い正の相関を示した．使用経験の多かった移動補助具はスライダーで，次いでスライドボード，スライドシートであった．移動補助具の適正使用は，概ね腰痛発症の頻度と関連せず，「ベッド⇔ストレッチャー」時のスライダーのみ，動作時腰痛発生頻度の多さと関連した．

Objectives: The aim of this study was to reveal the incidence of low back pain in ward nurses who assist patients with mobility, how often these nurses engage in mobility assistance movements, and whether mobility aids are used properly. We investigated the correlation between low back pain during mobility assistance and the frequency of mobility assistance or the proper use of mobility aids.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses working in hospital wards where patients frequently require mobility assistance.

Results: Survey responses were obtained from 534 nurses working at 18 facilities. Low back pain occurred always or 50% of the time in 43.9% of nurses when changing patients' position in bed and in 33.4% of nurses when moving patients horizontally in bed. The most frequently performed mobility assistance movement was changing patients' position in bed, followed by moving patients horizontally in bed. There was a weak positive correlation between the frequency of all mobility assistance movements and the incidence of low back pain during mobility assistance. The most frequently used mobility aids were sliders, followed by sliding boards and sliding sheets. The incidence of low back pain did not correlate with the use of mobility aids, when used properly, except for the use of sliders between bed and stretcher.