看護学の根本問題―実在するものと知識の起源について

Fundamental Problem in the Discipline of Nursing：Reality and the Origin of Knowledge

要旨

　本稿で著者が説明を試みたのは，看護が学として成立するならば，その際知識の起源はどこに求められるかという問いである．説明の最初の手がかりをNightinga1eが定立した，看護はartであり，そして（and）, Scienceであるという命題に求めた．「為すこと」としての看護がar（t「作ること」）であり，「そして」（and）scienc（e「観ること」）でもあるということは論理的には成り立たない．しかしNightingaleの命題を真と見傲すならば，「為すこと」に於てartとScienceとが相矛盾したもの同士として合一される，そのような学として，看護学はreality（実在するもの）を観る主体の純粋経験の世界に求めなければならない．そしてそこに看護学は疑うにも疑いようのない知識の起源を求めることが出来る．

Abstract

　In this article, the author discussed the origin of knowledge in the discipline of nursing. During these four decades, nursing as a science has been developing theories to describe the what and how of nursing. But today, the development of knowledge related to nursing is in a quandary, because nursing as a new science took over the Cartesian view pont but failed to identify a reality which is uniquely relevant to nursing.

　Where the knowledge in the discipline of nursing generates? The primary cues for explanation of this problem were taken from a proposition by F. Nightingale and the concept of“pure experience” formulated by Kitaro Nishida.

　Nightingale stated that nursing was“a new art and a new science”. In terms of Aristotelian logic, art as“making”can not co-exist simultaneously with science as“seeing”in nursing as“doing”. If Nightingale's proposition is true, then art as“making”and science as“seeing”must be united somewhere in“doing”, that is, in the“pure experience”of a person who is seeing a phenomenon. Therefore reality, in the discipline of nursing, can only exist in the pure experiences of a person who is seeing a phenomenon, and that is where reliable knowledge in the discipline of nursing generates.