臨床実習において対象理解の手がかりとなる学生の体験についての抽出

Helping Midwifery Students to Understand Their Patients: An Overview

要旨

　この研究の目的は，助産婦学生が妊娠期の女性をどのように理解しているか記述し，それをもとにして，臨床実習において対象理解の手がかりとなる学生の体験を抽出することである．データ収集は，16人の助産婦学生に対して半構成面接により実施し，分析は，質的因子探索型の手法をとった．

　助産婦学生による妊娠期の女性に対する対象理解は，①「母親としての自己」を中心に展開している対象理解，②「2つの自己のバランス」を中心に展開している対象理解，③「生活周辺の他者との相互関係」を中心に展開している対象理解，の3つのタイプに分類された．学生の対象理解の手がかりとなる体験は，女性の自己概念の変容のプロセスに，学生がケアの行為者として『巻き込まれ体験』と，学生の観察が，女性の生活周辺の他者との相互関係について『広がり体験』があった．この2つの体験が，助産婦学生にとって，妊娠期の女性を理解する手がかりであるという示唆を得た．

Abstract

　The purpose of the present study is to explain how midwifery students view the entire cycle of women in pregnancy. By focusing on the students' viewpoints and analyzing their experiences, the results could have practical application. Data was gathered from semi-structured interviews with 16 midwifery students and analyzed using the qualitative descriptive method. Midwifery students were categorized into 3 groups according to the way in which they responded to their patients: 1) those interested in the maternal self-image, 2) those focusing on the balance between the two aspects of mother and woman, and 3) those who develop understanding by focusing on the relationships the expectant mother has with others in her life.

　The experiences which helped the students to understand their patients in more depth were twofold: Their involvement as a care worker in the process of the patient's changing self-image, and secondly, the experience of observing the relationship between the patients and others in their lives. The study supported the notion that both these experiences serve as valuable input in the midwifery students coming to know their patients within a holistic framework.