慢性疾患患児と健康児のソーシャルサポート

Social Support of Chronically-Ill Children and Healthy Children

要旨

　慢性疾患患児のソーシャルサポートの特徴を明らかにすることを目的に，ソーシャルサポート質問紙を作成し，9歳から18歳までの患児に対して調査を行った．また，比較対照として，一般の学校に通学する小学校5年生から高等学校2年生に対する調査を行った．204名の患児と544名の健康児の回答より，以下の結果が見出された．

1．患児，健康児ともに，小学生は高校生より親のサポートおよび教師のサポートが高かった．また，男児より女児の方が友人のサポートが高かった．

2．患児は健康児より，親のサポート，友人のサポート，教師のサポートがいずれも高かった．

3．糖尿病児は，悪性腫瘍や喘息の患児より親のサポートが低かった．

4．母親が仕事に就いていない患児は，就いている場合に比較してサポート総点，教師のサポートが高かった．

5．非運動系の学外活動をしている患児は，非運動系の学外活動をしていない患児よりサポート総点が高かった．

Abstract

　The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of social support of chronically-ill children and to compare social support of chronically-ill children with those of healthy children. Subjects consisted of 204 chronically-ill children aged between 9 and 18 years old and 544 healthy children aged between 10 and 17 years old.

　Results of this study were as follows:

1. In both chronically-ill children and healthy children, parents' support score and teachers' support score were significantly higher in elementary school chidren than high school students. In both groups, friends' supportscore was significantly higher in girls than boys.

2. Chronically-ill children reported significantly higher scores of parents' support, friends' support and teachers' support than those of healthy children.

3. Parents' support score was significantly lower in children with diabetes than those with asthma and cancer.

4. The total score of social support and teachers' support score were significantly lower in children with employed mothers than those with unemployed mothers.

5. The total social support score of children who participated in non-sports extracurricular activities was significantly higher than those of children who did not participate in non-sports activities.