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要旨
正しい性知識を伝授することと性をより肯定的に捉えられるような動機付けを目的として,大学生8人がピア・カウンセラーとなり,高校生42人に対しロールプレイ等を取り入れたピア・エデュケーションを3回にわたり実施した.ピア・エデュケーションの具体的な方法と展開内容および留意点を検討し,その実施前後に高校生の性に関する知識及び意識についての変化と男女差を明らかにするための自記式質問紙調査を行った.
ピア・エデュケーション実施後の感想では,「性についてよく考えられた」,「もっと性のことを知りたい」,「カウンセラーの人たちは話しやすくて,質問をしやすかったので安心できた」,「3回だけではなくもっと計画してほしい」など否定的な感想は無く好評であった.
今回の性知識・性意識の調査結果からも,この時期の特徴が反映されており,性意識は活発化してきているといえるが,性知識は不十分であった.特に,性知識の面では,男女ともに,避妊法では「コンドーム」,STDでは,「エイズ」と知識に偏りが大きかった.性意識の面では,性の責任性において,男子は実施後に高い得点を示し,変化がみられた.また,「望まない妊娠を避けるには」において,男女とも実施後に「男女が性について本音で話し合える」と答えたものが倍増し,変化がみられた.
このことより,ピア・エデュケーションは,生徒が性をより建設的,肯定的に考えることに役立つ教育方法として,効果があることが示唆された.
Abstract
We undertook a study of the effect of peer-group education on the level of sexual knowledge and awareness in a group of high school students. The subjects were from Okinawa prefecture, and assessment was by completion of a questionnaire concerning both basic knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and methods of contraception, and general sexual awareness. This was administered before and after a period of three peer-education sessions, in which university students taught the topics and discussed them with the students.
Levels of factual knowledge before the education sessions were unsatisfactorily low. However male students significantly increased their mean scores on questions relating to sexual responsibility, although female students showed no change. The number of students in both groups who responded that men and women should talk more openly about sexuality, when asked about means of avoiding unwanted pregnancies, were also significantly higher.
Student impressions of peer education were that 1) it was a good opportunity to think about sexuality, 2) they could talk more frankly with their university student teachers because they were close in age, and 3) they would like further such opportunities.
We concluded that discussion within the same generation is an effective means of conveying correct sexual information, and thus helps them to view sexuality in positive and constructive ways.
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