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要旨
オーストラリアでは看護職員の多くは女性で,急性期病院に勤務しており,大都市に住んでいる.看護職員の多くは内科病棟や外科病棟に勤務しているが,最近では介護施設でも雇用の重要性が増してきている.現在,オーストラリアの看護医療が抱える問題としては,公衆衛生の分野,農村地域,またある診療科における全国的な看護職員の不足がある.家庭の事情や仕事に対する不満から,職場を離れる看護職員の数は増えつづけており,看護職員の確保が困難な事が問題となってきている.看護職員の仕事量は増加の一途であり,看護職員は看護技術の複雑化や増加により余暇が奪われたと感じている.この論文では,オーストラリアにおける看護について,その概要を簡潔に述べた.詳細な統計と供に,看護師の教育,登録制度,歴史的な側面,今後の課題について述べた.オーストラリアに移住を希望している国外に在住している看護師に対する,就業の機会や条件についても論じた.
Abstract
Most Australian nurses are female, employed by acute care hospitals and reside in capital cities. Although the majority work as clinicians in the medical and surgical field, nursing homes have also increased as a significant employer during recent years. Current challenges for Australian nursing include rural nursing, public health nursing and a projected national shortage in certain clinical areas. Staff retention rates are becoming problematic as increasing numbers leave the profession because of family commitments and limited employment satisfaction. Their workloads are also increasing, and many feel that recent technological changes have not really given nurses any more spare time. This paper provides a brief overview of contemporary nursing within Australia. Detailed statistics are provided, along with education and registration arrangements, historical aspects and future challenges. The opportunities and requirements for foreign nurses wishing to emigrate to Australia are also discussed.
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