初妊婦と実母との関係性尺度（Primigravida-Mother Relationship Scale）の開発と信頼性・妥当性の検討

Developing and Analyzing the Reliability and Validity of a Primigravida-Mother Relationship Scale

要旨

　本研究の目的は，母親への移行過程にある初妊婦がとらえる実母との関係性を評価するPrimigravida-Mother Relationship Scale（PMRS）を作成し，信頼性・妥当性を検討することである．先行研究のモデルから93項目の仮尺度を作成し，初妊婦800名を対象に質問紙調査を実施した．因子分析の結果，PMRSは「実母からのサポート」「実母との親密性」「実母に対する肯定感」「実母を介した母親像モデルの探求」「実母をモデルとした妊娠・分娩・育児準備」「実母からの自立性」「妊娠期適応」の7下位尺度，29項目で構成された．また下位尺度の内的一貫性による信頼性（α＝0.61～0.86），2週間の間隔を経た再テスト信頼性による安定性（r＝0.78～0.90）が確認された．さらに7下位尺度と母娘関係尺度，および「自立性」を除く6下位尺度と内的ワーキングモデル尺度との相関による併存妥当性，また既知グループである経妊婦および在日ブラジル人初妊婦との比較による構成概念妥当性が確認された．以上より，PMRSの信頼性と妥当性は確認され，これにより日本人初妊婦に特有な初妊婦と実母との関係性の定量的な評価が可能であるといえる．

Abstract

　This study focused on developing a Primigravida.Mother Relationship Scale（PMRS） in order to evaluate primigravidas' relationship with their mothers during the process of becoming mothers. Then the scale was analyzed for reliability and validity. Based on the model in our previous study, a temporary scale consisting of 93 items was prepared, and a survey was conducted among 800 primigravidas to evaluate its reliability and validity. As a result of factor analysis, 7 subscales（Support by the Mother, Closeness to the Mother, Affirmative Feeling toward the Mother, Exploration of the Mother Image Model via the Mother, Preparations for Pregnancy, Delivery and Childcare using the Mother as a Model, Independence from the Mother, and Adaptation to the Pregnancy Period） consisting of 29 items were extracted. The reliability of the subscales was confirmed in terms of internal consistency（α＝0.61 to 0.86） and test.retest reliability was evaluated by a retest after 2 weeks（r＝0.78 to 0.90）. The concurrent validity was confirmed by significant correlations between the all 7 subscales and the Mother.Daughter Relationship Scale, and 6 subscales except “Independence from the Mother” and the Internal Working Model Scale. In addition, the construct validity was confirmed by significant differences of subscale scores between primigravidas and multigravidas, and between Japanese and Brazilians. Based on the above findings and analyses, the reliability and validity of PMRS were confirmed, and it is available for quantitative evaluation of the unique characteristics of the relationship between Japanese primigravidas and their mothers.