母親の胎児への愛着形成に関する研究

The Development of Maternal-Fetal Attachment During Pregnancy

要旨

　女性が母親役割を獲得する過程の中で重要な部分を占める母親の胎児に対する愛着の形成について研究した．Cranley作成のMFAS（Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale）を翻訳修正して作成したMFAS-J2と，不安を測定する尺度としてSTAI，基礎的情報の収集にアンケートを用いて，275人814データについて分析した．対象者は全員初めて子供を持つ妊婦で，妊娠週数は5～40週にわたった．妊娠に対するリスクを持つ妊婦と持たない妊婦の双方を含んでいる．その結果から以下のことが明らかになった．

（1）妊婦の胎児に対する愛着は妊婦初期から形成されつつあるが，胎動初覚を契機としてその度合いが深まり，妊娠20週以降には比較的安定した状態に至る．

（2）妊婦の妊娠に対するアンビバレントな感情や否定的な気持ち，夫の妊娠の否定的な受け止めは，妊婦の胎児への愛着を低く押さえる．

（3）流産や不妊症治療の既往のある妊婦の愛着は，その異常の起こる危険の高い期間に，低く押さえられる．

（4）切迫流早産などの現在進行中のリスク因子と妊婦の愛着形成との間の関係は認められない．

（5）妊婦の持つ不安と妊婦の愛着との間には，妊娠の初期には有意な負の相関が認められるが，それ以降の時期にはごく弱い相関しか認められない．

Abstract

　This study is to examine the degree to which women engage in attachment behaviors toward their unborn children. Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) was modified to Japanese version (MFAS-J2), which consists of 20 items with. 87 reliability. MFAS-J2 was administered to both normal and high-risk pregnant women (n=275) during gestation. All subjects were restricted to women who were having their first child, and they were between 5 and 40 weeks gestation at the time they completed the instrument. Demographic data were also gathered.

　Results :

(1) Maternal-fatal attachment increased significantly from 5 to 40 weeks of gestation. Especially feeling fetal movement had positive effect on maternal-fetal attachment.

(2) Women who reported negative perception or ambivalent feeling about their pregnancy showed low attachment score. And women whose husband reported negative feeling about their pregnancy responded lower in the scale.

(3) Some negative relationships were observed between maternal-fetal attachment score and the histories of abortion and sterility.

(4) Maternal-fetal attachment showed no significant correlations to factors of threatened abortion, premature labor, and IUGR.

(5) Maternal-fetal attachment showed negative correlations to State-Trait anxiety during early pregnancies.