発達障害のリスク児をスクリーニングするための基礎的研究

Basic study of screening in risk children with developmental disorder

要旨：保育所に在籍し特別な支援を受けていない年長児を対象に発達障害のリスクをスクリーニングし，リスク児の特徴を「学習基礎能力」と「行動面」の2つの質問紙と継続的な行動観察の結果から検討した．質問紙において問題ありと保育士により指摘された児は55.9％存在し，この内24名中8名に日本版ミラー幼児発達スクリーニング検査でリスクを認めた．リスク児の特徴は，「学習基礎能力」において言語面の問題があること，または「行動面」の問題が継続し他者の感情理解や状況理解が難しい行動であることを認めた．保育所でのスクリーニングにおいてOTは保育士が指摘する問題点を把握し，行動を継続的に質的に観察する役割が求められると考える．

　The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of risk children with developmental disorders. As the object of this study, we took children who had not been having special support in Nursery School. We used two questioners about "abilities of basic study" and "behavior", and natural observation for about six months. We used JMAP (Japanese version of Miller Assessment for Preschoolers) for distinction between risk and no risk children. As a result, we found that 55.9% of the children had problems with "basic study abilities" or/and "behavior", and 8 risk children of 24 who had these problems. The characteristic of some risk children had problems of language abilities, and the other risk children had continued problems of "behavior" without thinking about people and circumstances. In the Screening of risk children, it will be necessary for the Occupational Therapist in Nursery Schools to grasp problems of the children pointed by Nurses and keep the children under observation continuously.