認知症スクリーニング検査の構成要件について―文献のSystematic Review─

Requirements for a dementia screening test: A literature review

要旨：認知症に対するスクリーニング検査の条件や構成要素を把握することを目的に，過去11年間の国内論文33件のレビューを行った．認知症は早期の段階から，ADLよりも複雑なIADLに軽微ながらも障害が認められ，それらは遂行機能障害を反映しているものと考えられた．そのため行動上の変化を観察し，その背景にある認知機能に焦点をあてた検査が必要である．従来のスクリーニング検査で評価される記憶や言語，視空間認知，構成機能に加えて，IADLにおける遂行機能を評価することが，より早期の認知症スクリーニングには重要と考えられた．

　The purpose of this study was to analyze the screening test for early dementia through a literature review. Thirty-tree papers were extracted, and it was shown that focusing on background neuropsychological symptoms of the subjects' behavioral change was more important than focusing on the impairment features of brain function for early dementia screening. Early dementia and mild cognitive impairment have been known to decrease the ability of instrumental activities of daily living．In addition, the failure of the ability was associated with executive functional disorders. It was also shown the executive function as well as memory, language, visual space perception and composition was considered an important factors of early screening for dementia.