生活行為確認表の開発—健康高齢者の生活行為の不自由感と作業ニーズの調査─

Development of a Daily Life Performance Checklist: Investigation of the perception of inconvenience of daily life performance and occupational needs in healthy elderly people

要旨：生活行為確認表と興味・関心チェックリストを使って健康高齢者109名の生活の不自由感と参加したい作業を調査した．高齢者が不自由を感じた生活行為は雪かき42％，もの忘れが増えた39％，階段昇降28％の順に多く，している作業はテレビ94％，新聞83％，買い物82％が多かった．してみたい作業はボーリング22％，旅行20％，書道・習字／体操・運動19％，興味がある作業は歴史23％，ボランティア17％，観劇／水泳16％の順に多かった．因子構造の分析によって生活行為確認表の内的整合性が確認され，高齢者の生活の不自由感の評価に適したツールであることが判明した．また，興味・関心チェックリストは高齢者の地域活動の計画に役立つと思われた．

　The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of inconvenience of daily life performance (DLP) in healthy elderly people and to examine the occupations in which they wished to participate. The perception of inconvenience of DLP was investigated using the daily life performance checklist ver.1.0 (DLPC) developed by the authors. Moreover, occupations in which the healthy elderly people wished to participate were investigated using an interest checklist. 109 healthy elderly people (average age, 69.8 years) agreed to participate in this investigation. The highest levels of inconvenience perceived by the elderly with regard to DLPs were reported for snow shoveling (42%), forgetfulness (39%) and climbing stairs (28%). TV viewing (94%), reading a newspaper (83%) and shopping (82%) were conducted routinely by the elderly. Occupations in which the elderly wished to participate included bowling (22%), traveling (20%) and penmanship/shodo/exercise (19%). The occupations in which the elderly were most interested included history (23%), volunteering (17%), and going to the theater/swimming (16%). Internal consistency of the DLPC was confirmed by factor analysis. DLPC proved to be an effective tool to evaluate the perception of inconvenience of DLP in healthy elderly people. Furthermore, the results of the interest checklist may be helpful in planning community occupations for the elderly.