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外傷後に起こる免疫応答は,損傷した自己組織に反応して起動され,損傷組織の除去,および侵入してくる細菌などの外来異物の除去,そして組織修復へと続く一連の反応であり,元来生物がもっているプログラミングされた反応だと考えられている。現代医学の発展に伴い,通常では治癒し得なかった外傷患者の救命が可能になると,このプログラミング反応では修復は不十分となり,種々の問題が発生するようになった。本稿では,この外傷に特異的な免疫応答のメカニズムと,新たに生じてきたPIICS(persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome)という概念について述べ,現在までに行われてきた治療法と今後の展望について概説する。
The immune responses that occur following injury are a series of reactions that are activated in response to damaged autologous tissues, followed by the removal of damaged tissues and foreign pathogens such as invading bacteria, and tissue repair. These immune responses are considered to be programmed in living organisms. With the development of modern medicine, as trauma patients who could not previously be cured under previous circumstances can be saved, the programmed response is no longer able to keep up, and various problems have arisen. This chapter describes the mechanism of immune response specific to trauma and the emerging concept of PIICS (persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome), and outlines the treatment methods used to date, as well as and future prospects.
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