外国人妊婦の災害への備え—現状、心配事および求める支援

Disaster Preparedness of Pregnant Foreign Women: Current Situation, Concerns, and Desired Support

抄録

【目的】外国人妊婦の災害への備えの現状、災害や備えに関する心配事や求める支援を明らかにすることである。

【対象と方法】東京都港区内の産科クリニックを受診した外国人妊婦を対象に自記式質問票調査を実施した。基本属性、災害への備えについて単純集計を行い、防災について普段から意識していること、災害に関する心配事や求める支援について質的記述的に分析した。

【結果】外国人妊婦75名の総在住期間は2か月〜15年、妊娠週数は4〜39週であった。初産婦は29名、経産婦は46名であった。日本国内で出産経験のない経産婦は31名であった。妊婦72名（96.0%）、夫・パートナー59名（78.7%）が日本語に不自由さを感じていた。災害時の家族との連絡方法は「電話」が最も多かった。災害時の分娩施設への連絡方法は「わからない」33名（44.0%）、移動方法は自家用車・タクシーが44名（58.7%）であった。いざという時に頼れる人について、「夫・パートナー」のみが23名（30.7%）、「まったくいない」6名（8.0%）であった。災害への備えや防災について普段から意識していることは、【事前の情報収集】【生き抜くための備え】【知識・スキルの習得】【災害時の行動計画】【顔の見える関係づくり】の5カテゴリー、災害に関する心配事や求める支援は、【防災に関する根本事情】【避難・避難中の生活】【備えの充実】の3カテゴリーが生成された。

【結論】外国人妊婦の多くは、日本語に不自由さを感じつつも災害に備えていた。言語や文化の相違により、支援や避難、被災後生活に不安や準備不足を感じていた。災害時の受診や入院を想定した連絡・移動方法の検討や、適切な備えの推進に向け、多言語情報提供の場と提供方法の充実が必要である。

Abstract

【Purpose】The purpose of this study was to clarify the disaster preparedness of pregnant foreign women, their concerns, and the desired support for disasters.

【Method】A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted targeting pregnant foreign women who visited multilingual obstetrics clinics in Minato Ward, Tokyo. Simple tabulation of the results were performed, and the descriptive content regarding“ awareness of disaster preparedness and prevention in everyday life” and“ concerns about disasters and desired support” was analyzed qualitatively.

【Results】The total length of residence of 75 pregnant foreign women ranged from two months to 15 years, and their gestational age ranged from four to 39 weeks. Twenty-nine were primiparas and 46 were multiparas. Thirty-one multiparas had no previous experience of giving birth in Japan.　The 72（96.0%） respondents and their husbands/partners 59（78.7%） felt uncomfortable communicating in Japanese. The most common method of contacting family members during a disaster was by telephone. Thirty-three （44.0%） respondents did not know how to contact delivery facilities during a disaster and 44（58.7%） said they would use a private car or taxi to travel the facilities. When asked about people they could rely on in an emergency, 23（30.7%） respondents answered“ husband/partner” and six（8.0%） answered“ no one at all.” Things they were conscious of on a daily basis included the following: information gathering prior to a disaster, preparations to ensure survival, acquisition of knowledge and skills, action Plan in case of disaster, and building relationships with people they know. The concerns and desired support related to disasters were categorized into three areas: fundamental issues in disaster prevention, evacuation and life while evacuated, enhancing disaster preparedness.

【Conclusion】Many pregnant foreign women felt uncomfortable with the Japanese language, but they were prepared for disasters. They felt anxious about support, evacuation, and daily life owing to language and cultural differences, as well as a lack of preparation. Providing multilingual information and improving methods to promote consideration and preparation for communication and transportation methods for medical examinations and hospitalization in the event of a disaster are necessary.