医療的ケア対象児が在籍する学校の自然災害の備え—教員の災害への認識と学校の災害への備えの実態

Natural Disaster Preparedness at Elementary School and Special Schools with Students in Need of Medical Care: Teachers' Understanding of Disasters and the real Situation of Schools' Disaster Preparedness

Abstract

　The present study aimed to reveal the understanding of disasters among teachers in charge of students in need of medical care at elementary school and special schools as well as the real situation of preparedness at the schools, for the purpose of identifying issues and of obtaining directive suggestion in disaster preparedness. A qualitative, inductive research design using content analysis based on a semi-structured interview for group was used. Seven teachers in A Prefecture agreed to participate in the study. The results revealed five categories of teachers'recognition of disasters including the following:"damage caused by a disaster is extensive","the situation will somehow be brought under control on the day of the disaster", and "assumption of the safety of the school building." Nine categories regarding the real situation of disaster preparedness were extracted, including the following:"there is not even a one-day stock of drinking water","there are no measures against falling of dangerous objects", and "the organization is vertically divided and lacks connections." The present study concluded that while teachers understand the necessity of disaster preparedness, schools have not been promoting preparedness, and that methods for promoting real preparedness while considering the situation of school must be investigated

抄録

　本研究目的は、医療的ケアを必要とする子どもを担当する特別支援学校と小学校教員の災害への認識と学校での備えの現状を明らかにし、災害への備えの課題の検討と備えるために必要な今後の方向性の示唆を得ることである。研究デザインは、グループを対象とした半構成的インタビューによる因子探索法を用いた質的帰納的研究であり、協力者はA県下の教員7人である。結果、教員の災害への認識は、【災害発生時の被害は大きい】【その日のうちになんとかなるだろう】【校舎は安全という前提】等の5カテゴリーが抽出された。災害への備えの現状は、【1日分も備えがない飲料水】【対応していない危険物の落下】【縦割りでつながりのない組織】等の9カテゴリーが導き出された。結論として、教員は災害への備えの必要性は認識しているが、学校では備えが進んでおらず、今後は、学校の状況を考慮しながらの具体的な備えの検討を行うことが課題として提示された。