眼球から視神経

The Eye and Optic Nerve in Neurological Practice

眼は脳神経病変を鋭敏に反映する重要な「窓」である。本論では，眼球・視神経の基礎解剖に加え，脳神経内科医が外来やベッドサイドで実施可能な視力，瞳孔，眼球運動，色覚，視野，眼底の簡易評価法を解説する。また，脳神経病変と密接に関与する視神経炎に関して，脳神経内科医でも可能な診察方法と注意点，さらには神経疾患治療薬で起こり得る主な眼科的副作用への注意点を概説し，眼科との早期連携の重要性を述べる。

Abstract

The eye serves as an important “window” that sensitively reflects neurological lesions. This article reviews the basic anatomy of the eyeball and optic nerve, and explains simple methods for evaluating visual acuity, pupils, ocular movements, color vision, visual fields, and the fundus that can be performed by neurologists in outpatient clinics and at the bedside. It also focuses on optic neuritis, which is closely associated with neurological disorders, outlining examination methods and key clinical precautions that can be undertaken by neurologists, as well as major ophthalmic adverse effects that may occur with drugs used to treat neurological diseases. Finally, the importance of early collaboration with ophthalmologists is emphasized.