ESBL産生菌

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria

ESBLとは基質拡張β-ラクタマーゼ(extended-spectrum β-lactamase)の略称で，ペニシリン系薬だけでなく，第三，第四世代セファロスポリン系薬およびモノバクタム系薬まで分解することのできるクラスA，またはクラスDに属するβ-ラクタマーゼのことである．主に腸内細菌科に属するGram陰性桿菌のプラスミド上にESBL産生遺伝子が存在し，菌種を超えて伝播する．したがって，近年，世界各国にて分離頻度が急激に上昇してきている．ESBL産生菌の蔓延を防ぐためにも，スクリーニング検査，確認試験などを的確に行い，抗菌薬の適正使用および感染管理を行わなければならない．

ESBL, which is short for Extended -spectrum beta-lactamase, is capable of efficiently hydrolyzing penicillin-based antibiotic and oxyimino cephalosporin including ceftazidime and cefotaxime, and monobactam antibiotic.　Especially to be noted is that the ESBL-producing gene produces the gram-negative rod of Enterobacteriaceae, and spreads various types of the bacterial strain, because the ESBL producing gene is a plasmid-derived gene.　In recent years, the isolation frequency of ESBL producing bacteria has been drastically increasing around the world.　To prevent the ESBL producing bacteria from spreading, there is an overriding importance to be attached to screening and detection of ESBL-producing bacteria.　It should also be noted that we have to practice the proper use of antibiotics and increase infection control.