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自己免疫疾患患者に検出される自己抗体は特定の臨床像と密接に関連し,疾患の補助診断,病型分類,予後の推定,治療効果判定など,臨床的に有用である.100種類以上におよぶ自己抗体とその対応抗原が確認されており,かかる自己抗原の多くは遺伝子の複製,転写,RNAプロセッシング,蛋白の翻訳など細胞の重要な生命現象に関与する酵素あるいは調節因子であることが判明している.自己抗体の測定法として様々な方法が開発されているが,自己抗体の検出に当たっては,各測定法の特徴を十分に理解したうえで,その結果を解釈することが大切である.
Autoantibodies detected in patients with various autoimmune diseases are closely related to specific clinical features, and are clinically useful in diagnosis of the disease, classification, estimation of prognosis and evaluation of treatment. More than 100 autoantibodies have been found, and most of their target autoantigens have been recognized as enzymes and regulatory factors that are involved in important biological function, such as DNA replication, gene transcription, RNA processing and protein translation. Various methods have been developed to detect many autoantibodies. In the test of autoantibodies, it is very important that we should understand the principle and feature of each method and interpret its result.
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