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Neurotransmitters in the neural network on locomotion. Ikuo TOOYAMA 1 , Hiroshi KIMURA 1 1Institute of Molecular Neurobiology, Shiga University of Medical Science pp.209-221
Published Date 1991/4/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431900122
  • Abstract
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 This review highlights new findings on neurotransmitter organization in the central nervous systemon locomotion. The basal ganglia receive signals from a large part of the neocortex and returns them to the neocortex through the thalamus. This cortico-striato-nigro-thalamo-cortical circuit integrates the neural informations and send them to various areas in the brainstem and spinal cord including the pedunculopontine nucleus which is known to be the mesencephalic locomotor region, as identified physiologically.

 The above neural circuit consists of pathways with a variety of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. McGeer et al. classified them into three categories. The first transmitter type is the amino acids such as glutamate, asparate and GABA. They have virtually all receptors having an ionotrophic action. This means that the amino acids form the basic circuit in the basal ganglia by 'fast' transmission. The second type is amines including acetylcholine. They heve metabolic type receptors. Their action at the receptors is relatively slow in onset and long-lasting, and almost certainly involves second messenger systems. The third type is neuropeptides. They frequently co-exist with other neurotransmitters in various conditions, and work as neuromodulators.


Copyright © 1991, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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