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Diagnosis of human prion diseases Masahito Yamada 1 1Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Keyword: プリオン病 , 孤発性Creutzfeldt-Jakob病 , CJD , 遺伝性プリオン病 , Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker病 , GSS , 感染性プリオン病 , 変異型Creutzfeldt-Jakob病 , vCJD pp.59-67
Published Date 2003/2/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431100284
  • Abstract
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 Human prion diseases are classified to(1)idiopathic(sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)), (2)inherited, and(3)infectious forms. For sporadic CJD, phenotypic variability is present beyond typical presentation of classic CJD, which is known to be influenced by a codon 129 polymorphism of the prion protein(PrP)gene and Western blot patterns of protease-resistant PrP. Inherited prion diseases are associated with mutations of the PrP gene, presenting with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease(GSS), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)(familial CJD), and fatal familial insomnia(FFI)phenotypes. Since clinical spectrum of inherited prion diseases presents with considerable variablility, the PrP gene should be analyzed in progressive neurological disorders of unknown cause. For infectious prion diseases including dural graft-associated CJD(dCJD)and variant CJD(vCJD), it should be noted that a subgroup of dCJD cases show atypical clinical phenotype and plaque formation in the brain;in the diangosis of vCJD, the pulvinar sign on MRI is most important in addition to the characteristic clinical features. Finally, new diagnostic methods are described including detection of a protease-resistant PrP isoform in urine from patients with prion diseases.


Copyright © 2003, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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