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Astrocytic swelling:The underlying mechanisms and the role in acute ischemic brain damage Takao Asano 1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center/School Keyword: 脳浮腫 , 脳虚血 , 脳梗塞 , アストロサイト pp.201-212
Published Date 2006/4/10
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1431100128
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Focal cerebral ischemia is followed by the occurrence of two types of brain edema, i. e., cytotoxic and vasogenic. The aim of the present paper is to review recent findings on the mechanisms underlying cytotoxic(cellular)edema in relation to that underlying acute(<24 hours)infarct expansion. The histologic hallmark of cytotoxic(or cellular)edema is astrocytic swelling, which is caused by miscellaneous mechanisms such as cessation of astrocytic Na, K-ATP pump, absorption of excessive extracelluar K and glutamate, as well as excretion of intracellularly generated H. Clearly, astrocytic swelling occurs as the result of derangements in cellular metabolism induced by ischemia. On the other hand, once established astrocytic swelling per se exerts spatial and metabolic influences on the ischemic core as well as the penumbra, inducing functional derangements in the activities of gliovascular units and neurons. Thus incurred impingement on microcirculation, discharge of intracellular glutamate, and augmentation of spreading depression together act to promote the acute expansion of the initially formed infarct area to the penumbra. Since astrocytic swelling is considered to be interrelated with acute infarct expansion, research on its pathogenic mechanisms may open a new approach to the therapy of acute ischemic brain damage.


Copyright © 2006, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1882-1243 印刷版ISSN 0001-8724 医学書院

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