血液脳関門の体外循環モデル

The Blood-Brain Barrier(BBB) and in vitro BBB Models

血液脳関門（BBB）は，中枢神経系（CNS）内に異物や炎症細胞が侵入するのを防ぎCNSのホメオスタシスを調節する重要な機構である。近年，BBB制御機構およびBBB破綻の病態解明のために，多様な実験モデルが次々と生み出されている。本稿では，これまで報告されている主要なin vitro BBBモデルの特性を説明し，それらの特性を複合的に取り入れた次世代型のin vitro BBBモデルについて紹介する。

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a brain-specific capillary barrier critical for preventing entry of toxic substances into the central nervous system. In contrast to vessels of peripheral organs, the BBB limits the exchange of inflammatory cells and mediators under physiological and pathological conditions. Clarifying these regulation of the BBB would provide new insights into neuroprotective strategies in neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the physiology of the BBB and the pathogenesis of BBB disruption remain incompletely understood. A major limiting factor is the lack of reliable models of the human BBB. Several different in vitro models suggest that there is no perfect model system, with different models advantageous in specific situations. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on BBB cellular components and in vitro BBB models with a particular focus on novel and recent findings.