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Neuroimaging Studies of Diabetes and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Shigeki Hirano 1,2 , Hitoshi Shimada 2 , Yasumasa Yoshiyama 3 1Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University 2Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences 3Department of Neurology, Chiba East National Hospital Keyword: Alzheimer's disease , diabetes mellitus , MRI , cerebral blood flow , cerebral glucose metabolism pp.1411-1419
Published Date 2012/12/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416101369
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Abstract

 Several evidences from longitudinal epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The underlying pathophysiologies that link diabetes and development of AD are, recurrent hypoglycemia, antioxidative stress due to hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis and vascular lesions, and abnormal insulin signaling in the brain. Emerging evidences from neuroimaging studies of diabetic patients can shed light on the pathomechanisms linking diabetes with AD. In this review, recent neuroimaging findings for diabetes are described.

 Diabetic patients have diffuse cortical atrophy with notable vulnerability in the temporal lobe. Hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia increases cerebral blood flow and metabolism, while hyperglycemia decreases. Diabetes may facilitate the onset of AD via vascular lesion, poor vascular responsiveness, and aberrant amyloid metabolisms, probably through atherosclerosis. Studies on the brain of patients with diabetes may provide clues for preventive therapy in AD.


Copyright © 2012, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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