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New Roles of Glutamate Receptors in Glias and Gliomas Shogo Ishiuchi 1 1Department of Neurosurgery,Faculty of Medicine,University of The Ryukyus Keyword: glutamate receptor , glioblastoma , calcium permeability , therapy pp.753-764
Published Date 2009/7/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100516
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Abstract

 The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-typeglutamate-receptor channels (AMPARs) are composed of 4 subunits (GluR1-4); the channels without the GluR2 (GluR-B) subunit are characterized by high Ca2+ permeability. Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellum have Ca2+-permeable AMPARs assembled with GluR1 and GluR4. To examine the role of these Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, we converted them into Ca2+-impermeable receptors by adenoviral-mediated delivery of the GluR2 gene. This resulted in the retraction of the glial processes ensheathing the synapses on Purkinje cell dendritic spines and retard action of the removal of synaptically released glutamate, indicating that glutamate regulates the morphology of glial processes by activating Ca2+-permeable AMPARs, and the glial Ca2+-permeable AMPARs are indispensable for proper structural and functional interactions between the Bergmann glia and the glutamatergic synapses.

 Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant type of brain tumor. Glioblastoma cells express Ca2+-permeable AMPARs assembled from the GluR1 and/or GluR4 subunits,and the conversion of these units to Ca2+-impermeable receptors by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the GluR2 gene inhibited cell locomotion and induced apoptosis. In contrast,the overexpression of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors facilitated migration and proliferation of the tumor cells. Thus,Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors are important in the migration and proliferation of neoplastic glias. The blockage of these receptors may be an attractive therapeutic target for preventing of invasive growth.


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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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