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Causative Gene and its Associated Gene for Parkinson Disease and Dystonia Kazuko Hasegawa 1 , Itaru Toyoshima 2 1Department of Neurology,Sagamihara Hospital 2Department of Neurology and Medical Education Center,Akita University School of Medicine Keyword: associated gene for Parkinson disease , parkinsonism , PARK series , DYT series pp.447-463
Published Date 2009/4/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100470
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Abstract

 Parkinson disease (PD) and dystonia are two major part of neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying cause of PD development has been considered to be a combination of genetic factors and environmental substrates. In case of dystonia,which includes primary sporadic dystonia,such as task specific dystonia,cervical dystonia and so on,are also considered to associate with unknown vulnerable genetic factors. In this paper,the clinical features and causative genes for PD and dystonia were described; especially in particular,the description of those genes associated with the PARK and DYT series were provided. Most of the identified causative genes for PD are associated with the protein degradation and cell death process via convergent mechanisms such as ubiquitin-proteasome system,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,and lysosomal system (autophagia). On the other hand,the pathogenic mechanism for dystonia is gradually discovered to be divergent suggested by identified genes,such as torsinA,GCH1,etc,which is compatible and well understood with the divergent expression of dystonia phenotype. Another breakthroughs are required to investigate the treatment of both PD and dystonia based on the pathogenic mechanisms.


Copyright © 2009, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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