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Neural Substrates Underlying Cognitive Expertise Satoshi Tanaka 1 , Takashi Hanakawa 2 , Manabu Honda 2 1Human Cortical Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, National Institutes of Health 2Department of Cortical Function Disorders, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Keyword: brain imaging , practice , expert , memorizer , mental abacus pp.257-262
Published Date 2008/3/1
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1416100241
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Abstract

 Recent behavioral and neuro-anatomical studies of cognitive expertise have suggested that that superior performance in memory experts is neither due to extraordinary general intelligence nor anatomical brain difference. Furthermore, functional neuro-imaging studies have revealed that expert performance in mental abacus and memory experts is not attributable to increased brain activities of the process that exists in non-experts or to hyper-activity in the prefrontal cortex. On the contrary, cognitive experts utilize brain areas that are not used by non-experts. These brain regions are directly related to exceptional knowledge and unique strategies that are acquired by experts through extensive practice. These neuro-imaging findings support psychological theories that cognitive expertise is achieved by developing extensive knowledge and novel cognitive strategies not used by non-experts. These lines of evidence suggest that ordinary people could become experts through appropriate practice.


Copyright © 2008, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

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電子版ISSN 1344-8129 印刷版ISSN 1881-6096 医学書院

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