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要約 目的:小児に対するオルソケラトロジー(OK)治療が角膜内皮に与える長期的な影響と眼軸変化を後ろ向きに評価する。
方法:2013〜2019年にだんのうえ眼科にてOK治療を受けた小児のなかで,3年以上の追跡調査が可能であった14名28眼を対象とした(男児20眼,平均年齢11.93±2.09歳)。光干渉式眼軸長測定装置にて眼軸長を測定,角膜鏡面顕微鏡観察で平均角膜内皮細胞密度(ECD),細胞面積変動係数(CV),六角形細胞出現率(%SIX)を測定し,治療前後で比較検討した。サブ解析で,処方開始年齢で分けた2群〔小学生群(9〜12歳),中学生群(13〜15歳)〕間で比較した。
結果:OK治療期間は4.50±2.11年であり,治療前後でECDは3,005.74±192.5個/mm2から2,893.21±190.12個/mm2(p<0.001)へと減少し,CVは22.00±2.67から23.36±1.80(p<0.01)と増加したが,年間ECD減少率は0.33±0.15%であり,既報の健常小児の年間ECD減少率(1.1±0.8%)以下であった。治療前後で%SIXの有意差はなかったが,眼軸長は24.86±0.52mmから25.32±0.61mmと伸長を認めた(p<0.001)。小学生群と中学生群の2群間で角膜内皮変化に有意差はなかった。
結論:平均4.5年間の小児へのOK治療における角膜内皮細胞形態変化は治療開始年齢による差異はなく,生理的変化の範囲内と考えられた。
Abstract Purpose:To evaluate the long-term effects of orthokeratology(OK)on the endothelial cell morphology and axial length(AL)changes in children.
Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 28 eyes of 14 children who underwent OK treatment and were followed up at least 3 years between 2013 to 2019 at the Dannone Eye clinic(20 boys, the mean age 11.93±2.09 years, range 9-15 years). Corneal endothelium was observed using specular microscopy, mean endothelial cell density(ECD), coefficient of variation(CV)of cell areas, and hexagonal cell appearance(%SIX)were compared before and after treatment. In sub-analysis, endothelial cell morphology and AL changes were compared between the two groups that were divided by the age of prescription initiation〔elementary school students(9-12 years)and junior high school students(13-15 years)〕.
Results:The OK treatment period was 4.50±2.11 years(range 3-8 years). ECD decreased significantly from 2,999±209.2 cells/mm2 to 2,853±168.4 cells/mm2(p<0.001)and CV increased from 22.00±2.67 to 23.36±1.80(p<0.01). %SIX showed no difference. The endothelial cell loss rate was 0.33±0.15% per year, which was less than the age-related cell loss previously reported in healthy children(1.1±0.8% per year). AL increased from 24.86±0.52 mm to 25.32±0.61 mm(p<0.001). Sub-analysis demonstrated a significant difference in AL change between the elementary school group(0.16±0.11 mm)and the junior high school group(0.04±0.05 mm)(p<0.001), but revealed no difference in corneal endothelial changes between the two groups.
Conclusion:After an average of 4.5 years of OK treatment for children, corneal endothelial cell morphology changes were suggested to be within the range of physiological changes.
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