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要約 目的:眼球周囲の感染症は眼窩隔膜前蜂巣炎(以下,隔膜前蜂巣炎)と眼窩蜂巣炎に二分される。今回筆者らは,隔膜前蜂巣炎と眼窩蜂巣炎の臨床症状の違いについて検討した。
方法:対象は,過去17年7か月間に松山赤十字病院眼科において診断された隔膜前蜂巣炎55例と眼窩蜂巣炎24例である。隔膜前蜂巣炎と眼窩蜂巣炎の診断は,CTまたはMRIの画像診断により眼窩隔膜より前方あるいは後方に感染巣が存在する病変を有するもので,病原微生物が検出された症例または抗菌薬の投与により寛解した症例とした。
結果:発症頻度は,隔膜前蜂巣炎では10歳以下と60〜70歳台に,眼窩蜂巣炎では50歳台に好発していた。併発疾患は,隔膜前蜂巣炎では涙囊炎が,眼窩蜂巣炎では副鼻腔炎の合併が多かった。全身合併症では糖尿病と悪性新生物の合併が多かった。感染や炎症反応のマーカーとした白血球数およびCRP値は眼窩蜂巣炎で上昇していた。検出病原体では,隔膜前蜂巣炎はグラム陽性球菌が全体の70%を占めたが,眼窩蜂巣炎はグラム陽性球菌が減ってグラム陰性桿菌と真菌が増加しており,嫌気性菌の検出は眼窩蜂巣炎のほうが多かった。治療では,隔膜前蜂巣炎は抗菌薬点滴のみ,眼窩蜂巣炎は手術併用の割合が多かった。
結論:臨床症状の検討により隔膜前蜂巣炎と眼窩蜂巣炎では違いがみられるが,症状に応じて感染巣の除去と適正な抗菌薬投与を行うことが肝要である。
Abstract Purpose:The infections in the tissues surrounding the eyeball are of two types preseptal and orbital cellulitis. Herein, we report the clinical manifestations of both preseptal and orbital cellulitis.
Methods:This study included 55 patients with preseptal cellulitis and 24 patients with orbital cellulitis treated during a period of 17 years and 7 months at the Department of Ophthalmology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital. Preseptal cellulitis is the infection of the tissue located anterior to the orbital septum, and the infection beyond the septum is orbital cellulitis diagnosed by either computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Patients of both cellulitis required the pathologic organisms to be detected via bacteriologic cultures or effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment.
Results:In age distribution of both cellulitis, the preseptal group was more frequently found in patients aged under teens and in sixties and seventies, while the orbital group was most frequent in the fifties age group. The prevalence of background etiology in preseptal and orbital cellulitis was studied. The most frequent complication in preseptal cellulitis was dacryocystitis and that in orbital cellulitis was sinusitis. Among general disorders, patients either with diabetes mellitus or carcinoma were on the increase in both cellulitis. White blood cell count and C-reactive protein, as a sensitive indicator for inflammatory and infectious process, were elevated in the orbital cellulitis. In the preseptal cellulitis 70% of patients showed gram-positive coccus, while in the orbital cellulitis the number of gram-positive coccus decreased and gram-negative bacillus and mycosis increased. Also anaerobic bacillus increased in the orbital cellulitis. Antibiotics were used more common in the presptal cellulitis but surgical intervention was necessary in the orbital cellulitis.
Conclusion:The evaluation of clinical features of preseptal and orbital cellulitis brings out the best selection of antibiotics and/or surgical management for the infected patients.
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