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A case of Blau syndrome diagnosed by genetic testing at one year of age and started treatment with adalimumab at two years Kyoko Takebayashi 1 , Takahiro Yamane 1 , Mami Ishihara 1 , Masaki Takeuchi 1 , Norihiro Yamada 1 , Nobuhisa Mizuki 1 , Shuichi Ito 2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine 2Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine pp.1109-1114
Published Date 2020/9/15
DOI https://doi.org/10.11477/mf.1410213671
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Abstract Introduction:We report a case of Blau syndrome in a 2-year-old girl diagnosed based on genetic testing and treated with adalimumab, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.

Case:The patient was a girl aged 3 years and 1 month. Seven months after her birth, she had visited a pediatrist and an ophthalmologist in another hospital because of recurrent episodes of fever and chronic inflammation. Her eyes showed iris nodules and optic disc edema, and she was referred to our hospital. Her father had a history of arthritis, recurrent episodes of fever, uveitis, and optic disc edema. Genetic testing showed a missense mutation, pArg587Cys hetero(R587C)of her and her father's NOD2 gene, leading to the diagnosis of Blau syndrome. Subsequently, the optic disc edema of the patient reduced, but the posterior synechia gradually progressed, despite the use of anti-inflammatory and mydriatic drops. Her systemic findings, including recurrent episodes of fever and elevated C-reactive protein levels, had shown no improvement. Treatment with adalimumab was introduced when the patient was aged 2 years and 2 months. Ocular and other systemic findings improved with the treatment.

Conclusion:Blau syndrome is a systemic granulomatous inflammatory disorder with an autosomal-dominant inheritance. In this case, treatment with adalimumab was introduced at the age of 2 years.


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