発達外来の1歳児の屈折度数の分布

Distribution of refraction in one-year-old infants

　目的：1歳児での眼屈折要素の解析。対象と方法：過去33か月の期間に奈良県立医科大学未熟児発達外来で診察した1歳児181名に調節麻痺薬を点眼し，自動屈折計で測定した屈折要素，出生体重，在胎週数を検索した。結果：等価球面度数に換算した屈折値は，左右眼の間に有意の相関があった（p＜0.0001）。出生体重が少ないほど，屈折値が有意に近視寄りになった（p＜0.04）。屈折値と在胎週数とは有意に相関しなかった。乱視では直乱視が53％と最も多かった。結論：自動屈折計を使うことで1歳児の屈折要素の客観的測定ができた。加齢に伴う屈折要素の変化の追跡がこれで可能になることが期待される。

Purpose：To analyze elements of refraction in one-year-old infants. Cases and Methods：A total of 181 one-year-old infants were examined at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology,Nara Medical University,during the past 33-month period. They were evaluated as to refraction,birthweight and gestational age. The refraction was measured using an automated refractometer under cycloplegia. Results：There was a significant correlation in refraction between the right and left eye（p＜0.0001）. The refraction shifted to myopia in infants with lesser birthweight（p＜0.04）. The refraction was not significantly correlated with the gestational age. With-the-rule astigmatism was the most prevalent type of astigmatism at 53％in the series. Conclusion：Use of automated refractometer enabled objective evaluation of elements of refraction in one-year-old infants. This method is expected to facilitate evaluation of age-induced changes in refraction.