Effects of Ethanol on the Formation of Learning of a Maze and on Retrograde Amnesia in Carassius auratus

　 Alcohol has been found to effect memory loss of humans. The literature suggests differences in learn-ing performance of fish due to physiological malfunc-tioning. The present research attempted to find out the effects of ethanol : (1) on the learning of a maze, and (2) on the retention of the maze habit by Caras-sius auratus. Lack of retention was assumed to be associated with (3) retrograde amnesia. Results sug-gested that ethanol (alcohol) was found to inhibit the memory of goldfish ; the concentration of the alcohol was an important variable ; the deficit was different for state-dependent learning, and, possible physiological malfunctioning of brain parts due to alcohol influence were associated with performance.