AI診断の基礎知識—機械が診断に至るプロセス

Basic Knowledge of AI Diagnosis

要旨●今，“第4次産業革命”とも称される人工知能（AI）革命が，ディープラーニング技術と高性能なGPU，そして大量のデジタル化されたデータの組み合わせにより進んでいる．中でも，画像診断はAIが最も得意とする分野であることから，医療現場におけるAIの実用化は“画像診断支援分野”から進むと考えられるが，画像診断の他にも検査の解釈，鑑別診断，治療方針決定，手技のサポートなどのAIが続々と開発され，医療現場に導入されてくると思われる．今後ますます医師が正しくAIを理解し活用することが求められる．本稿では，AIを理解するうえでの基礎となる知識に加え，医療へのAI応用例を掲示し，現状・今後の課題を検討する．

　The artificial intelligence（AI）revolution, also known as the “fourth industrial revolution”, is currently in progress with the combination of deep-learning technology, high-performance graphics processing units, and large amounts of digitized data. AI is excellent at image diagnoses ; therefore, it is thought that practical applications of AI in the medical field will develop from the field of “image diagnosis support”. In addition to image diagnoses, AI should prove valuable for examination interpretation, differential diagnoses, treatment policies, and procedural support. It is expected that such AI applications will be developed and incorporated into the medical field in the future. Accordingly, doctors will be required to understand and utilize AI correctly.

　In this paper, in addition to the basic knowledge required to understand AI, we provide examples of AI applications to medical care and examine the current situation and future issues associated with AI.