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要旨 内視鏡的粘膜下層剥離術(ESD)は大きな病変に対する一括切除が可能な手技であり,大腸腫瘍に対しても導入されつつあるが,胃に比べ手技的難易度や穿孔のリスクが高いことが難点である.大きさからみた大腸ESDの適応は,スネアにて一括切除困難な腫瘍(通常,径20mm以上)であるが,これらの多くは腺腫主体のいわゆる側方発育型腫瘍(LST)である.特に,顆粒型(granular type ; LST-G)はSM浸潤部や高異型度癌が疑われる部位を拡大観察にて術前診断できるため計画的分割切除で十分根治可能である.ESDの適応と考えられる大腸腫瘍は,スネアで一括切除困難な①LST非顆粒型(non-granular type ; LST-NG),特にpseudodepressed type,VI型pit patternを呈する病変,SM軽度浸潤癌,癌の疑われる隆起型病変,②生検や病変の蠕動などにより線維化を伴う粘膜内病変,③内視鏡的切除後の潰瘍瘢痕を伴う局所遺残早期癌,④慢性炎症を背景にした局在腫瘍,などである.現状では大腸腫瘍の病理学的特性,術者や施設のレベルに応じて,ESD,スネア法,腹腔鏡下手術を適切に選択することが重要である.
Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a procedure excellent for en bloc resection of a large lesion, is being implemented for colorectal tumor, it has the disadvantage of involving a higher level of difficulty in implementation or a higher risk of perforation than is encountered in the stomach. In terms of size, in the colon and rectum ESD is generally indicated for tumors of20mm or larger in diameter that are difficult to remove en bloc by a snare. Most of such tomors are adenoma-based laterally spreading tumors (LST). In particular, LST-G can be diagnosed by magnifying observation of areas of suspected submucosal invasion or high grade cancer, and can be completely cured by planned piecemeal resection. However, it is difficult to diagnose the submucosal invasive area in LST-NG pseudodepressed type (PD) with magnifying observation.
ESD is presently thought to be indicated for the colorectal tumors such as 1) LST-NG (particularly PD type) that is difficult to remove en bloc by a snare, lesions showing type V pit pattern, and submucosal cancers, 2) lesions with fibrosis due to biopsy etc., 3) local lesions due to chronic inflammation, and 4) residual early cancer with ulcer scar after endoscopic resection.
Treatment strategies for choosing ESD or EMR should be discussed based on the clinicopathological characteristics of the LST subtype, the endoscopist's skill level and the patient's condition.
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