認知機能低下のない地域住民に対する認知症の理解や予防を促す介入研究に関する文献レビュー

Literature Review on Effective Intervention Methods for Enhancing the Understanding and Prevention of Dementia among Community-dwelling People

抄録

　本研究は，地域住民に対する認知症の理解や予防を促す効果的な介入方法を明らかにすることを目的とした．2012年〜2023年7月に発表された論文を医学中央雑誌Web版，PubMedおよびCINAHLを用いて検索し，11件の論文が抽出された．抽出された11文献を精読し，介入目的に着目して対象者，介入内容，評価項目，介入による効果を整理し表にまとめた．その結果，介入目的は認知症の啓発支援，認知症の予防支援に分類された．さらに認知症の予防支援は，認知機能の改善に着目した予防支援，生活習慣の改善に着目した予防支援の2つに大別された．認知症の啓発支援は，介入時間が短くとも啓発効果があることが示された．認知症の予防支援において，生活習慣の改善に着目した予防支援では継続的な個別的支援の必要性が示唆され，認知機能の改善に着目した予防支援では介入による効果を長期的に維持することの難しさが示唆された．

　This study aimed to identify effective intervention methods for enhancing the understanding and prevention of dementia among community-dwelling people. The study undertakes a systematic review and categorizing of intervention methods to provide insights into effective approaches for dementia prevention within community settings. A comprehensive search was conducted for articles published between 2012 and July 2023 across Ichushi-Web, PubMed, and CINAHL databases, resulting in the extraction of 11 articles. These articles underwent meticulous examination, focusing on various aspects such as subject demographics, intervention techniques, evaluation criteria, and intervention outcomes. As a result, the intervention objectives were classified into two categories: awareness-raising support to promote understanding of dementia and preventive support for dementia. Furthermore, the intervention support for prevention of dementia was divided into two main categories: intervention support focused on improvement of cognitive function and intervention support focused on improvement of lifestyle. The results showed that the awareness-raising support was effective even when the intervention time was short. In the prevention support, the support focused on lifestyle improvement suggested the necessity of continuous individualized support, while the support focused on improvement of cognitive function suggested the difficulty of maintaining the effects of the intervention over a long period of time.