看護学生のコミュニケーションスキル育成に関する研究（第1報）─コミュニケーションスキルと自我状態との関連

Study on the Development of Communication Skills in Nursing Students (The First Report) : Association between Communication Skills and the State of Ego

要旨

　本研究の目的は、看護学生のコミュニケーションスキル育成に向けたプログラム作成の基礎的資料を得るために、コミュニケーションスキルと個人の自我状態との関連を検討することである。対象は臨地実習中の看護学生3年生47名で、受け持ち患者との間で行ったコミュニケーションに関して調査した。コミュニケーションスキルは、先行文献をもとに「傾聴」、「共感」「判断」、「表出」の4要因を含めた自己評価尺度（Cronbach's α係数0.88）を、自我状態は東大式エゴグラムを用いて調査した。コミュニケーション要因の得点は、高い順に「傾聴」、「共感」・「表出」、「判断」であった。コミュニケーション要因と自我状態との関連は、「傾聴」・「判断」の両要因とエゴグラムNP・A・FCとの間に正の相関並びにACとの間に負の相関がみられた。また、「共感」・「表出」の要因とA・FCとの間に正の相関並びにACとの間に負の相関があった。さらに、コミュニケーションスキル低値群は高値群に比べNP、A、FCの得点が有意に低く（それぞれp＜0.05、p＜0.01、p＜0.01）、AC得点が有意に高かった（p＜0.01）。以上のことから、コミュニケーションスキルと自我状態には関連があることが明らかになった。

Abstract

　The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between communication skills and state of ego of nursing students, because we seek to obtain basic data on communication to establish a program for the development of communication skills. The subjects were 47 third-year students of a nursing college in nursing practice. We examined communication skills between nursing students and patients, and examined the ego state of students. The communication skills was used self-evaluation of communication skills scale based on previous study including 4 factors: "Listening," "Sympathy," "Expression"and "Judgment" (Cronbach's α coefficient: 0.88). The state of ego was examined by the questionnaire of the Tokyo University Egogram. The results showed that "Listening" obtained the highest score among the prime factors of communication, followed by "Sympathy," "Expression" with equal scores, and "Judgment." As for the association between the communication factors and the state of ego, we recognized that "Listening" and "Judgment" are in positive correlation with Nurturing Parent(NP), Adult(A)and Free Child(FC), and in negative correlation with Adapted Child(AC). And we recognized that "Sympathy" and "Expression" are in positive correlation with A and FC, and in negative correlation with AC. Furthermore, the lower scoring group on communication skills showed a significantly lower score for NP, A and FC(p＜0.05, p＜0.01 and p＜0.01, respectively), and a significantly higher score for AC(p＜0.01), when compared with the higher scoring group. Based on the foregoing, communication skills clearly correlate with the state of ego.