大規模災害発生時における遺族支援のあり方を考える—航空機事故を想定した訓練における遺族への支援からの学び

Support for bereaved families at the time of large-scale disasters: Based on participation in disaster training in family support after a simulated airplane crash

要約

　多数の死傷者が発生するといわれる航空機事故による遺族支援を実践するためには事前の訓練が必要である。中部国際空港災害訓練で行われた遺族支援をDMORT（Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team：災害死亡者家族支援チーム）が行い、実践内容を考察した。遺族支援の実践内容として、幼子を亡くした両親への支援の症例、夫を亡くした妻及び父親を亡くした娘への支援の症例、娘を亡くした母親及び友人を亡くした女性への支援の症例という3つの症例を対象とした。それぞれ個々の症例の中で家族の関係性を認識し、その関係性に働きかけること及び個々の対象者に応じた支援が行われた。このように、災害発生時に遺族となった者に対しての支援は、個々の対象を理解し実践していくことが必要であると考えられる。過去の研究結果で災害訓練による意義が大きいことが明らかになっていることからも、今後は訓練を通して遺族支援に関する準備性を高めていく必要がある。

Aircraft accidents cause many casualties, and we believe that prior training is necessary to practice bereaved family support.

Disaster training for a simulated airplane crash was performed at Central Japan International Airport, and the Japanese Society for Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT) members supported the bereaved family members of persons confirmed dead. As the practical content of support for bereaved families, one target of training was parents who had lost their child, another target of support was a woman who had lost her husband and also the daughter who had lost her father concerning the same case, while another target of support was a mother who had lost her daughter and also of a woman who had lost her friend concerning the same case. We provided support to people in different family and friend relationships with the three cases of simulated deceased persons, and in each case individual care and support was necessary depending on the relationship and each individual subject. In this way we considered it necessary to understand individual subjects and to practice providing assistance to those who become survivors at the time of a disaster. It is clear from past research results that disaster drills have significant meaning and we believe it is necessary to improve our readiness to provide survivor support through training.